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Introduction
of marine fishing in Cambodia
There
are many types of small-scale or artisanal, middle-scale and large-scale or
commercial fishing gears that are used in Cambodia. According to proclamation
of Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, the small-scale or artisanal
and middle-scale fishing gears are distinguished by the capacity of boat engines
and size of fishing gears. The term commercial fishery is used only for inland
fisheries and is very rarely used in marine fisheries.
The
marine capture fisheries in Cambodia are divided into two categories called
middle-scale fisheries and small-scale or artisanal fisheries. The middle-scale
fisheries refer to those fishing activities that have highly efficient fishing
gears and have the capacity to fish offshore and inshore using all fishing
gears, with the exception of trawling in inshore waters (Tab. 1).
Table1.List of commercial
fishing gears in the coastal areas of
Cambodia
No. |
Type
of Fishing Gear |
English
Name |
Khmer
name |
1 |
Trawl |
Uon
Os |
2 |
Purse
seine/Ring net |
Uon
Tith |
3 |
Anchovy
encircling seine |
Uon
Ka Koeum |
4 |
Beach
seine |
Uon
Khov |
5 |
Encircling
seine |
Uon
Huom |
6 |
Gill
net |
Mong
Peak |
7 |
Scomberomorus
gill net |
Mong
Trey Beka |
8 |
Mackerel
gill net |
Mong
Trey Kamong |
9 |
Shrimp
gill net or Trammel net
|
Mong
Bang Kear |
10 |
Crab
gill net |
Mong
Kdam |
11 |
Horizontal
longline |
Santouch
Ro Noung |
12 |
Clupea
gill net |
Mong
Trey Kbork |
(Source:
DoF of Cambodia, 2002)
Table 2.List of small-scale
or artisanal fishing gears
in Cambodia
No. |
English
Name |
Khmer
name |
No. |
English
Name |
Khmer
name |
Gill
net (Mong Peak) |
1 |
Crab
gill net |
Mong
Kdam |
3 |
Fish
gill net |
Mong
Peak |
2 |
Shrimp
gill net |
Mong
Bang Kear |
4 |
Seabass
gill ne |
Mong
Trey Spong |
Stationary
Gear |
5 |
Squid
trap |
Lop
Meuk |
8 |
Bamboo
crab trap |
Lop
Kdam Roeusey |
6 |
Fish
trap |
Lop
Trey |
9 |
Small
winged set bag |
Pong
Pang |
7 |
Crab
trap |
Lop
Kdam |
10 |
Circular
net crab trap |
Lop
Mong Kdam |
Mobile
gear |
11 |
Push
net |
hnorng
Os Ky |
13 |
Drift
gill net |
Mong Bandet |
12 |
Hook |
Santouch |
- |
- |
- |
(Source:
DoF of Cambodia, 2002)
The
total numbers of all types of gear commonly used in Cambodia from 1992 to
2001 are shown in Table 3.
Table3.Number of fishing
gears in coastal provinces and municipalities
of Cambodia from 1992 to 2001
No. |
Fishing
gears |
Unit |
1992 |
1993 |
1994 |
1995 |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1 |
Trawl
net |
Set |
422 |
442 |
549 |
634 |
560 |
460 |
545 |
2 |
Purse
seine |
Set |
13 |
14 |
15 |
16 |
16 |
15 |
15 |
3 |
Anchovy
encircling seine |
Set |
13 |
13 |
9 |
8 |
10 |
2 |
- |
4 |
Beach
seine |
Set |
18 |
19 |
6 |
6 |
1 |
26 |
7 |
5 |
Encircling
seine |
Set |
15 |
- |
- |
6 |
1 |
26 |
7 |
6 |
Gill
net |
m |
64,180 |
8,940 |
36,050 |
29,991 |
31,491 |
13,779 |
6,200 |
7 |
Mackerel
gill net |
m |
3,700 |
9,800 |
36,050 |
12,050 |
15,550 |
131,220 |
140,500 |
8 |
Scomberomorus
gill net |
m |
31,403 |
31,202 |
59,597 |
7,000 |
51,300 |
66,800 |
85,000 |
9 |
Shrimp
gill net |
m |
114,705 |
13,450 |
110,950 |
161,486 |
694,563 |
469,100 |
469,050 |
10 |
Crab
gill net |
m |
43,852 |
32,100 |
37,450 |
95,728 |
580,439 |
393,200 |
426,000 |
11 |
Clupea
gill net |
m |
500 |
1,200 |
3,000 |
8,850 |
10,250 |
23,900 |
23,900 |
12 |
Trap |
No.trap |
60 |
637 |
2,277 |
1,600 |
26,761 |
23,200 |
23,242 |
13 |
Horizontal
longlines |
No.hook |
16,000 |
760 |
920 |
1,950 |
14,620 |
4,750 |
4,750 |
(Source:
DoF of Cambodia, 2002)
Ranking
by type of fishing gear
So far there are no studies ranking the
important species separately for provinces or landing sites. The coastal zone
management project in Cambodia (1996) has ranked major species by specific
fishing gears (Tab. 17).
Table17.The target species
of differences fishing gears
Fishing
gear |
Target
group |
Secondary
group |
| Mackerel
purse seine |
Rastrelliger
brachysoma |
Rastrelliger
kanagurta, Megalaspis cordyla, Thannus tonggol |
| Anchovy
encircling seine |
Stolephorus
indicus |
|
| Shrimp
gill net |
Penaeus
merguiensis |
|
| Fish
gill net |
Scomberomorus
guttatus, Thannus thannus, Ariidae thalassinus, Eleuteronema tetradactilum,
Liza argentea, Valamugil ceheli, Rastrelliger brachysoma, Rastrelliger
kanagurta, Megalaspis cordyla, Formio niger, Lates calcarifer, Dasyatidae |
Serranidae,
Lutjajisdae, Nemipteridae, Sciaenidae, Drepanidae, Siganidae, Trichiuridae,
Stromatoidae, Chirocentridae and Synodontidae. |
| Crab
gill net |
Portunus spp., Scylla serrata |
|
| Crab
trap |
Portunus
spp., Scylla serrata |
|
| Squid
trap |
Sepioteuthis
lessoniana, Loligo spp. |
|
| Fish
stake trap |
Mixed
fish species |
|
| Horizontal
longline |
Orectolobidae, Carcharinidae, Dasyatidae, Serranidae, Lutjanidae |
|
| Push
net |
Mixed
fish, Metapenaeus spp. Sepiolidae, Octopus spp. |
|
| Shellfish
dredge |
Arcidae,
Veneridae |
|
| Beach
seine net |
Mixed
fish, Sepiolidae, Loligo spp. |
|
(Source:
DoF of Cambodia, 2002)
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